Appalachian Audiology

How Allergies Impact Hearing

The immune system reacts to an allergen by producing antibodies and causing the release of histamine. Histamine can cause inflamed nasal passages, sinuses, and airways. This inflammation results in mucus production which leads to congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery eyes. The excess fluid created by an allergic reaction can create problems for the ear. Eustachian tubes function as the drainage passage for the middle ear. The Eustachian tube is a muscular tunnel that opens and closes to both drain debris and equalize the pressure between the environment and the middle ear space. Its functions are very important to maintaining the health of the middle ear space. These tubes are connected to the nose and throat. If they become clogged from excess drainage from the nose and/or throat, this fluid can build up in our ears along with other debris such as excess ear wax. Once fluid, excess ear wax, or foreign debris builds up in the ear, numerous problems can occur. These include: Conductive hearing loss/decreased or fluctuating hearing Conductive hearing loss is caused by the inability of sound waves to travel through the ear and connect with the tiny bones of the middle ear. Excess fluid and ear wax naturally lead to conductive hearing loss and decreased hearing as they prevent sound from traveling uninterrupted to the cochlea (the hearing organ of the ear). Fluctuating fluid levels in the ear can lead to differing hearing levels due to varying degrees of interruption along the auditory pathway. Conductive hearing loss and fluctuating fluid levels in the ear are curable. Middle ear infections Excess fluid in the ear cavity provides a moist environment in which bacteria may thrive. If these infiltrate the ear, ear infections could result. Multiple ear infections can lead to such conditions as tinnitus and permanent hearing loss. Pressure or a feeling of "fullness" Excess fluid in the ear naturally makes the ear feel like it is "filled up." This fluid can press against the eardrum/tympanic membrane causing pressure and discomfort.